Austria 1867-1955
Series: Oxford History of Modern Europe;
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Product details:
- Publisher OUP Oxford
- Date of Publication 13 October 2022
- ISBN 9780198221296
- Binding Hardback
- No. of pages1152 pages
- Size 242x160x50 mm
- Weight 1414 g
- Language English 853
Categories
Short description:
Austria 1867-1955 connects the political history of German-speaking provinces of the Habsburg Empire before 1914 (Vienna and the Alpine Lands) with the history of the Austrian Republic that emerged in 1918, presenting the case of modern Austria as a fascinating example of democratic nation-building.
MoreLong description:
Austria 1867-1955 connects the political history of German-speaking provinces of the Habsburg Empire before 1914 (Vienna and the Alpine Lands) with the history of the Austrian Republic that emerged in 1918. John W. Boyer presents the case of modern Austria as a fascinating example of democratic nation-building. The construction of an Austrian political nation began in 1867 under Habsburg Imperial auspices, with the German-speaking bourgeois Liberals defining the concept of a political people (Volk) and giving that Volk a constitution and a liberal legal and parliamentary order to protect their rights against the Crown. The decades that followed saw the administrative and judicial institutions of the Liberal state solidified, but in the 1880s and 1890s the membership of the Volk exploded to include new social and economic strata from the lower bourgeoisie and the working classes. Ethnic identity was not the final structuring principle of everyday politics, as it was in the Czech lands. Rather social class, occupational culture, and religion became more prominent variables in the sortition of civic interests, exemplified by the emergence of two great ideological parties, Christian Socialism and Social Democracy in Vienna in the 1890s. The war crisis of 1914/1918 exploded the Empire, with the Crown self-destructing in the face of military defeat, chronic domestic unrest, and bitter national partisanship. But this crisis also accelerated the emergence of new structures of democratic self-governance in the German-speaking Austrian lands, enshrined in the republican Constitution of 1920. Initial attempts to make this new project of democratic nation-building work failed in the 1920s and 1930s, culminating in the catastrophe of the 1938 Nazi occupation. After 1945 the surviving legatees of the Revolution of 1918 reassembled under the four-power Allied occupation, which fashioned a shared political culture which proved sufficiently flexible to accommodate intense partisanship, resulting, by the 1970s, in a successful republican system, organized under the aegis of elite democratic and corporatist negotiating structures, in which the Catholics and Socialists learned to embrace the skills of collective but shared self-governance.
In his brilliant opus magnum John Boyer shows why Austria needed three attempts to build a stable democracy and how co-operation of formerly antagonistic political elites finally succeeded in the years after World War II.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: The Terms of Austrian History
The Settlement of 1867 and the Creation of a Liberal Constitutional Order
Liberalism Ascendant: State Politics and Administration in the Austrian Lands, 1867-1879
The Era of the Iron Ring: State Consolidation and the Emergence of Civic Radicalism, 1879-1895
Two Decades of Constitutional Upheaval, 1895-1914
Late Imperial Society and Culture: The Crucible of Vienna
The Monarchy in the First World War
The Revolution of 1918-1919
The First Austrian Republic, 1920-1932
The Catholic Dictatorship and the Nazi Occupation, 1933-1945
The Reconstruction of a Republican Political System, 1945-1955
Conclusion: The Construction of a New Political Culture, 1955-1983
