Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions - Ramesh, B. N.; - Prospero Internet Bookshop

Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions: A Comparative Study between India and the USA
 
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ISBN13:9781032501222
ISBN10:1032501227
Binding:Paperback
No. of pages:330 pages
Size:234x156 mm
Language:English
Illustrations: 28 Illustrations, black & white; 26 Halftones, black & white; 2 Line drawings, black & white; 2 Tables, black & white
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Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions

A Comparative Study between India and the USA
 
Edition number: 1
Publisher: Routledge India
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Short description:

This book presents a comparative analysis of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions (CBMA) in terms of competitive framework and procedures between India and the United States of America.

Long description:

This book presents a comparative analysis of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBMA) in terms of competitive framework and procedures between India and the United States of America.


It discusses themes like statutes, regulations, rulings, legislations and analysis of CBMA; competition law, antitrust, and demerger; new legal initiatives by India like New Economic Policy (NEP), Goods and Services Tax (GST), demonetisation and amendments in the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA); and the impact of COVID on CBMA, to showcase the challenges and opportunities of specific CBMA experience in India in a global framework.


This book will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of law, corporate law, company law, international company law, corporate governance, international relations, public policy, international trade law, economics, and for practitioners, policymakers and consultants working on the subject.



?.Large businesses can no longer afford to remain isolated. Transnational Expansion is in most cases, the key to survival. One of the methods is to enter foreign markets to ensure movement of capital and ghouls through transactional mergers and acquisitions.


Dr. Ramesh has covered the subject from all angles including the synergies emerging from such mergers and acquisitions. He has dealt with the subject from a broad prism of statutes of the USA, UK and the EU and has analysed them from the Indian perspective. He has dealt with all the vital areas including law, purpose and practical issues, relevant for and to be borne in mind, while venturing into CBMAs.


The book would be useful to lawyers, law students, industry professionals and chartered accountants alike. It should be fine guide to those who wish to acquire basic knowledge on the subject

- Justice Raja Shaker Mantha, Judge, High Court At Calcutta.



Having Obtained a Doctorate of Philosophy (Ph. D) in law for his thesis on Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions, the author has mastered the intricacies of the subject while making a Comparative Study of the Legal Framework and Procedure in India and the USA. Moreover, the author has put immense effort to simplify the subject so that even a layman can understand well the world of cross-border mergers and acquisitions.


In dealing with Impact on CBMA and prevention of fraud in CBMA, the author made a very detailed analysis and a laudable explanation which will surely give the reader more insights about the subject.


- Justice B. Krishna Mohan, Judge, High Court of Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati, Guntur.



Coming to the present research work, I can say this is one of the novel topics which has contemporary relevance though titled as legal framework but interdisciplinary approach a combination/blend of Management and Business Studies too. The theoretical presentation of the choppers is a lucid and very much information, interesting, the terminology of the International business is very well explained, and the linkage between the chapters is apt and convincing. The research design and the development is well articulated and addressed the gaps with the detailed justification by citing suitable research studies. The construction, flow and uses of English language appear at the free and hence appreciable.

- Justice Dr. Bulusu Siva Sankara Rao, M. Com., LL.M. Ph.D., LL.D.(Post-Doctoral Fellow), Judge-Judicial Preview, Andhra Pradesh.



It is remarkable that a seasoned Senior Police Officer of the Indian Police Service has been able to find time, energy and inclination to do an incisive study of such diverse topics as security of state and an important aspect of the corporate ladder such as "Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions". It shows his thirst for knowledge and urge to share it with others by publishing his work.

- JUSTICE M. S. RAMA CHANDRA RAO, JUDGE, HIGH COURT FOR THE STATE OF TELANGANA


This book gives a comprehensive and lucid presentation on cross-border mergers and acquisitions framework in India, including a good insight into the interplay between the Companies Act, FEMA, SEBI Regulations, etc. it also makes an in-depth comparative analysis of the CBMA framework obtaining in India and the US. It should serve as a useful reference book for students, practitioners and policymakers.


- SRINIVAS INJETI, IAS


CBMA is particularly interesting because it is one such topic that is multidisciplinary nature and brings out the disciplines like economics, management (finance and strategy, in particular) and law together. Therefore, who but a scholar in all the three fields-- Dr. B. N. Ramesh, can address this topic more eloquently!! As an Indian Police Service Officer, and a double PhD holder, Dr. Ramesh is uniquely placed to address this topic from multiple perspectives. Dr Ramesh starts with the historical perspective of the CBMA, and extends his analysis to the current day laws and regulations that govern CBMA, especially in the US India relations?. Another nice feature of the book is, it provides a comprehensive perspective on how various laws-- competition law intellectual property law, et cetera-play a role in CBMA. Both for personal and professional reasons, I have the privilege of knowing Dr B. N. Ramesh for a while. In fact, I had the opportunity to have several in-depth conversations with him on several matters relating to economics, statistics, politics, national security, et cetera. In all these interactions, if there is one thing that catches my attention, it is his erudition-- the same erudition that comes across in his book as well.


- VISVANATH PINGALI, Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.


Table of Contents:

Foreword


1 Meaning of Mergers and Acquisitions


The Matrix of the Global Economy


Types of Mergers and Acquisitions


Meaning of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions (CBMA)


History of the CBMA in India


The CBMA and RBI


Mandatory Prior Approval


Central Government Responsibility of Framing of Rules in Consultation with the RBI


Approval by the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT)


Permitted Jurisdiction for an Outbound Merger


Penalty


Types of CBMAs


The Magnitude of CBMAs


The CBMA and Competition Law in India


The CBMA and Indian Tax Reforms


The CBMA and Financial Sector


CBMA and the Legal Provisions in India


Rules and Regulations


The CBMA and Indian Experience in Implementation


Indian Experience


The FDA and Emerging Markets


The Case of India


Economic Policy Reforms and the CBMA


Major Legal Reforms of the CBMA in India


Demonetisation and the CBMA


Impact of Demonetisation


The CBMA and Growth in Business


The CBMA and Jan Dhan Accounts


People?s Inclusiveness and Economic Reforms


Finance Banking Governance Reforms


IT Act and the CBMA


The CBMA and FEMA


Issuance of Shares in the CBMA


The Framework to the IBC Process?Opportunities


Start-ups and the CBMA


Kaizen and the CBMA


The CBMA and Domestic Experience of Learning Importance


The CBMA and Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and Foreign Direct Investment Rules


The CBMA and SEBI


SEBI and the CBMA


Motives for the CBMA


CBMA: Culture and Corporate Governance


The CBMA and Emerging Countries


The CBMA and Specific Types of Mergers


CBMA and the Competition Law, 2002


CBMA and the Stamp Duty Act


CBMA and the Judicial Infrastructure


CBMA and the USA


Securities and Exchange Commission


FTC (The Federal Trade Commission)


The CBMA and USA Tax Reforms


The CBMA and Tax Reforms in the USA, CFC, TIPRA


Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC)


FIRPTA, 1980 and THA-2015


Internal Revenue Service (IRS)


CBMA and Legal Due Diligence


The Doctrine of Successor Liability and Department of Justice, USA


CBMA and Legal Due Diligence in Antitrust/Competition Matters


The Sarbanes?Oxley Act, 2002


The Dodd-Frank Act


National Security in USA and CBMAs


CIFUS and the CBMA


Clayton and the HSR Acts and Amendments


Specific Examples


Comparison between the USA and India


International Law


CBMA and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa)


CBMA and International Trade


Indices and Ratios


CBMA Emerging Economies, India and BRICS


CBMA in Emerging Economies and Developed Economies


LDC and EM in the CBMA Environment


Emerging Opportunities and CBMA


Comparative CBMA in Various States of the USA


Upheavals in Global Economy


CBMA and Cyber Business


Conclusion


2 Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions: Statutes, Regulations, Rulings, Legislations and Analysis


Introduction


Culture and the CBMA


CBMAs


CBMAs: Ease of Doing Business


Ease of Doing Business Index (EDBI)


Solvency and Ongoing Concern


IBC (The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code)


Cross-Border Insolvency; India and the USA


Pre-Packs


The Pre-Pack in the USA


CBMAs and GST


CBMAs and Real Estate Regulation Act (RERA)


Impact of RERA on the Functioning of Real Estate Developers and Other Stakeholders


CBMAs, RERA Priorities Present, and Future


Amendments to PC Act, 1988 and FDI Rules


The CBMA and Insider Trading


The CBMA and Hostile Takeover


The CBMA and Warranties


The CBMA and Industrial Dispute Act and Essential Acts


The CBMA, Specific Relief Act, and Corruption


Corruption and IBC 2016


The CBMA and FDI


Gaps in the CBMA Domestic and International Learning Experience


Purchase and Sales and CBMAs


CBMAs and Influencing Factors


Enabling Factors of the CBMA


Foreign Investors


Motives for the CBMA


The Benefits of the CBMA


Challenges and the CBMA


Synergy?CBMA


Corporate Governance


The CBMA Culture Governance and Corporate Governance


Employee Attrition and the CBMA


Comparative Factors, International versus Emerging Countries, and the CBMA


Implementation in Developed Countries?CBMA


Emerging Markets and the CBMA


Example of the CBMA in Intra-emerging Developing Countries


The CBMA and Specific Types of Mergers


Fraud and the CBMA


Insider Trading


Provision of Section 195 of Companies Act, 2013


Competition Law and the CBMA


Provisions and Implementation of the Stamp Duty Act (1899)


Judicial Review


Innovation and the CBMA


Integration and the CBMA


Technology and the CBMA


Research and the CBMA


The Effect of Synergy


Culture and CBMAs


The CBMA and Corruption


Lawyers and the CBMA


Reasons for Failure of the CBMA


3 CBMA, Competition Law, Antitrust and Demerger


Introduction


Competition, Antitrust and the CBMA


The CBMA and Antitrust Laws


The CBMA and US Antitrust Experience


Case Study


Antitrust Matters and Global Enforcement Guidelines


Antitrust Litigation in the United States


Frivolous, Bad Faith and Sham Commercial Litigation and CBMA


Competition Policy and CBMA in India


Competition Commission of India, Recent Developments


Coordination among Various Regulators


Competition Act, Competition Commission, Mergers, Amalgamation Enforcement, Suggestions


Recent Experience in CBMA and Ease of Doing Business Index


Gaps, Tribunals, Scope for Correction


The Concept of Demergers in India and the USA


Legislative Initiatives in India and Jurisdiction of Ministry of Corporate Affairs


Ministry for Corporate Affairs, Government of India


Inbound Mergers


Out Bound Mergers


Companies Compromises and Agreement or Amalgamation Rules, 2016  Bilateral Agreements and CBMA


Nokia?s Case


Stamp Duty and CBMA


Stamp Duty Act and Its Implications on CBMA


Stamp Duty Law in India-Legislative Provisions


Maharashtra Stamp Act, 1958


Karnataka Stamp Act


Controversy


Li Taka Pharmaceuticals vs State of Maharashtra (1997)


Hindustan Lever vs State of Maharashtra (2004)


Delhi Towers Ltd vs GNCT of Delhi (2009)


Delhi Towers Ltd vs GNCT of Delhi (2009)


Specific Relief Act, 1963: The Amendment Bill, 2017 Implications on Business Transactions and CBMA


Specific Relief Act, 1963


The Implications of the Amendments to the Specific Relief Act, 1963 (SRA, 1963)


The Proposed Changes


General Rule, Specific Performance and Changes


Discretion Given to Courts and Committees


Rights of Third Parties


Separate Class for Public Contracts


Implications


Effects of the Specific Relief (Amendment) Bill, 2017 on the Law of Remedies for Breach of Contract


Limited Liability Act, 2008 and Its Implications on CBMA


LLP Act in India


Benefits


CBMA and CAG


Corruption Transparency Issues in Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions, the USA and India


Corruption


FCPA in the USA


Example of Major Cases


Enforcement in the USA


Control Framework and Structures


Compliance Programmes


Scope of Improvement


Vicarious Liability/Responsibility and CBMA


Anti-corruption due Diligence and Critical Examples


Effectiveness of FCPA Implementation


Critical Examples of Anti-corruption Prosecution in CBMA


Transparency and Evaluation of Indian CBMAs


Conclusion


4 New Legal Initiatives by India in CBMA Environment


Introduction


Money Laundering and CBMA


SFIO and the CBMA


The Importance of Credit in the CBMA


SARFAESI and the CBMA


The CBMA and Banking Reforms


The CBMA and Banking Sector Reforms


RBI Reforms and the CBMA


Tax Havens and the CBMA


Banking Sector and the CBMA


Banking and New Initiatives


Stamp Act and the CBMA


Latest Developments


Improvement in Ease of Doing Business Index


Efforts for Modifications of Law


Conclusions


5 COVID and the CBMA


The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis on Mergers and Acquisitions


COVID-19 Pandemic and the CBMA Trends


Logistics, Transportation, Supply Chain Management and COVID-19 Pandemic


Government Regulators


Scope for Increases in FDI and FPI through CBMA during COVID- 19 Pandemic


Travel and Tourism


Regulator Dilemma


COVID-19 Pandemic and the Changes in the Structure of Business in the Context of the CBMA


Investment Funds and SEBI


Letters of Intent


Non-Uniform Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic


The MAE/MAC Impact on the CBMA vs. COVID-19 Pandemic


The Strategic Outlook of the Global Economy Due to the COVID-19


Pandemic


Resilience and COVID-19 Pandemic


Flattening of the Pandemic Graph


Lockdown and COVID-19 Pandemic


Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on International Business Law


Accountancy Issues


Accounting-Related Issues


Long-term Stability vs. Short-term Crisis


The Response of Major Centres and Industrial Sectors


Prevention is Better than Perishing


Anticipation Is Better than Precipitation


International Rules on the CBMA Restructuring


RCEP and the CBMA


COVID-19 Pandemic, the CBMA and Corporate Fraud


Risks and Threats to the CBMA


Mergers and Acquisitions and Distressed Assets


Protective Measures and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic


Law Business Strategy, the CBMA and COVID-19 Pandemic Impact


Economy and Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions


Litigation and Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions


Due Diligence and Emerging Technology


Legal Implications and Labour Law


Impact, Short- and Long-Term of COVID-19 Pandemic on the CBMA


Legal Implications of Failed Negotiations on Price Front


Revenue and Solvency Issues


Date-line Compliance


Legal Position of Merger Law and the Changes in the USA


Regulatory Law in the USA


Pandemic COVID-19 and Lessons


Attempts to Amend the Merger Law in the USA


Work from Home and Quarantine Care and COVID-19 Pandemic


Global Economic Distress and COVID-19 Pandemic


Business during COVID Era


Innovations in Administration


COVID-19 Pandemic and Govt. of India?s Response


Opportunistic and Predatory Takeovers


Effects of Timelines and Antitrust Review Mechanism by the State


T-Mobile Sprint Case


Introduction


The Verdict of DOC, the USA


Conclusions of Law


FTC and COVID-19 Pandemic


Employee Attrition and Precautions in the CBMA Environment due to COVID-19 Pandemic


Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Strategies in the CBMA


Proper Due Diligence


Evaluation of Business Worth in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic


Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Regulatory Aspects by Government and Autonomous Agencies


Compliance to Legal Provisions and Documentation


IBC, CBMA, COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the USA


Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code and Its Effectiveness


Resolving Insolvency


Banks, Non-Performing Assets, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code


NPA and IBC


Non-Performing Assets


IBC vs Insolvency Proceedings in the USA


Timelines and IBC


The Similarity between IBC and USBC


International Opinion about IBC


Effect of IBC in India


Banker?s View on IBC


The US Bankruptcy Code, 1978


Comparison of Bankruptcy Regulations between India and the USA


Post-Bankruptcy and Reconstruction


Composition of Creditors Committee and the Law


Historical Evolution of Bankruptcy Law in the USA and India in the Context of the CBMA


Impact of Current Pandemic Wave-II in India


6 Pandemics, Business Response, Law and the CBMA


Supply Chain Logistics and COVID-19 Pandemic


Insurance and COVID-19 Pandemic


Case Study of Start-up and Acquisition during COVID-19 Pandemic Era in India


Case Study Example of the Law Enforcement in India as the Cause of Ease of Doing Business in India


New Technology Banking Reforms and COVID-19 Pandemic


Industrial Labour Reforms and Ease of Doing Business Index


Legal Innovation


Online Dispute Resolution and Ease of Doing Business


Digitalisation and Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions


Fraud Prevention


Whistle blower Protection and Rule of Law as a Tool for Ease of Doing Business in CBMA Environment


Ultimate Suggestions


COVID-19 Pandemic and Cybersecurity and the CBMA


Cybersecurity, CBMA, and DSCI


National Company Law Tribunal


COVID-19 Pandemic and Resolution for Liquidation


NCLT, COVID-19 and New Electronic Initiatives


7 Fairness in Acts and Activity


Competition Commission of India


IBBI Initiatives and Accountability


The Federal Trade Commission of the USA and Its Performance Snapshot for the Year 2019


Security Exchanges Commission and Mergers Acquisitions Joint Venture Guidelines, an Update in the USA


FDI and Its Links with Foreign Trade Growth in India


Banking Sector Reforms and the CBMA


Start-Ups and New Technologies


Suggestions


The Non-Last Word


8 Recent Reforms in Law in India


CBMA and UNICORNS


One-Person Company Framework (OPC)


MCA


21 Version 3.0


NCLT Framework Strengthening


Foreign Direct Investment in Insurance Companies


Securities Market Code


Exemption of Stamp Duty in Government Sale Transactions


Mergers?Acquisitions Vis-?-vis Budget 2021?2022


Latest Developments (till June 24, 2021)


Prevention of Scams/Frauds in CBMAs


Role of NFRA (India), PCAOB (USA)


Comparative Infrastructure in the USA and Lessons to Be Learned


PCAOB


Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions and Jurisdiction


United States and the Doctrine Effect


9 Kaizen for Global Excellence


Recent Examples of Implementation of Legal Provisions in India


Post-COVID Pandemic Changes, Threats and Opportunities


IBBI Regulatory Framework Changed Mandate


Evaluation of Initiatives and Implications for Further Action


Suspending a Tiny Part of IBC


Lessons of the Pandemic?2nd Annum in the Year 2021


Role of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and ML (Machine Learning) in the Corporate Sector


Exposure of New Sectors to Competition and Predation


The Dangers of Living with Obsolescence


Disruptions, Hacking, Cyber Threats and Fraud


Cost of Repetition and the Question of Legitimacy and Intention of Enforcement


Kaizen in the Economy, Law and Integration of Technologies vs Increasing Redundancy of Differentials


Current Reforms in India


Non-Performing Assets and the Banking Law


IBC, IBBA and Specific Law for the Prevention of Insolvency


The Role of Enforcement


Lobbies, Pressure Groups, Publicity and Public Interest Litigation Policy


Indexes of Governance?Ease of Doing Business, Arbitration, Redressal of Disputes, ADRs


Regulatory Authorities and Enforcement


Credibility of the State through Performance of Government


Seamless Connectivity from Military, Medicine and Management (M3) for Diagnosis, Delivery and Diligence (D3)


Law as a Link from the Past, through Present for Future and Perspectives of Law


Law as a Fair Elixir of Tri Virtues?Equality, Freedom and Justice


Corporate Justice, Civil Justice, Criminal Justice and Governance


Global Trade, Export Import 2021 and International Trade in Goods and Services in India


Domestic Trade Policy


Financial Services


Suppliers of Financial Services Must Comply with the Requirements Set Out in the Relevant Legislation


Banking


Securities


Insurance


DIPP and FDI


Index