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High Quality Science requires High Quality Data! Today, more than ever, the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is critical in ensuring that researchers, educators, and students have the highest quality data for chemical compounds and physical particles. 

Hosszú leírás:

High Quality Science requires High Quality Data! Today, more than ever, the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is critical in ensuring that researchers, educators, and students have the highest quality data for chemical compounds and physical particles. Available both in print and online, the Handbook covers 390 chemistry, physics, and related subjects organized in easy-to-find, well-organized tables. Every year, new reported data and new scientific areas are added, making the Handbook  the largest comprehensive physical science data source available anywhere. Handbook features include:

• All data reviewed and evaluated by subject matter experts


• Standardized chemical names, structures, property names, and property units


• Important information on subjects such as chemical and laboratory safety, and nomenclature


• Chemical and physical data critical for fields such as environmental science, bio-medical chemistry, organic and inorganic chemistry, materials innovation, geo- and astrophysics, and solid-state science


• Digital tools in our Online Edition to analyze, graph, process, and exploit our data content
  

Tartalomjegyzék:

Section 0: Introduction                                                                                                                        

The Editor and Editorial Board                                                                                                         

Preface                                                                                                                                                   

New Data and Updates in the 106th Edition                                                                                 

On the Evaluation of Chemistry and Physics Data                                                                       

Current Contributors                                                                                                                           

Part 1 Data on Chemical Substances                                                                                               

Section 1: Elements and Their Isotopes                                                                                          

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

The Elements: Properties                                                                                                                   

Standard Atomic Weights                                                                                                                  

Atomic Masses and Isotopic Abundances                                                                                      

Abundance of Elements in the Earth's Crust and in the Sea                                                     

Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Points and Densities of the Elements                           

Heat Capacity of the Elements at 25 °C                                                                                         

Heat Capacity of Solid Elements as a Function of Temperature                                               

Table of the Isotopes                                                                                                                          

Phase Transition Temperatures of the Solid Elements at Atmospheric Pressure                

Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Allotropes of the Elements                             

Density of Molten Elements as a Function of Temperature                                                      

Physical and Thermal Properties of Rare-Earth Metals                                                              

Thermal Properties of Pure Elemental Metals                                                                             

Electrical Resistivity of Pure Elemental Metals                                                                            

Electron Work Function of the Elements                                                                                       

Magnetic Susceptibility of the Elements                                                                                        

Optical Properties of The Elements                                                                                                 

Electronegativity of the Elements                                                                                                    

Index of Refraction of Liquid Elements                                                                                           

Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements - Equations                                                                 

Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements - Data                                                                          

Description and History of Elements                                                                                               

Section 2: Atomic Structure and Spectroscopy Data                                                                   

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Electron Configuration and Ionization Energies of Neutral Atoms and Atomic Ions          

Electron Affinities of the Atomic Elements                                                                                    

Persistent Lines of the Neutral Atomic Elements                                                                        

Atomic Radii of the Elements                                                                                                            

Polarizabilities of the Atomic Elements                                                                                          

Section 3: Properties of Organic Compounds                                                                               

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Physical Constants of Organic Compounds                                                                                    

CAS Registry Number Index of Organic Compounds                                                                   

Diamagnetic Susceptibility of Organic Compounds                                                                     

Critical Constants of Organic Compounds                                                                                      

Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids and Bases                                                                    

Miscibility of Organic Solvents                                                                                                          

Dependence of Boiling Point of Organic Liquids on Pressure                                                   

Bond Lengths in Crystalline Organic Compounds                                                                        

Bond Lengths in Organometallic Compounds                                                                               

Perfluoro- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances                                                                                    

Section 4: Properties of Inorganic Compounds                                                                            

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds                                                                                 

CAS Registry Number Index of Inorganic Compounds                                                                

Critical Constants of Inorganic Compounds                                                                                   

Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Inorganic Solids                                                                 

Density of Molten Inorganic Salts as a Function of Temperature                                            

Dissociation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases                                                                 

Index of Refraction of Inorganic Liquids                                                                                         

Index of Refraction of Inorganic Crystals                                                                                       

Magnetic Susceptibility of Inorganic Compounds                                                                        

Optical Properties of Inorganic Solids                                                                                             

Aqueous Solubility of Inorganic Compounds as a Function of Temperature                         

Solubility Product Constants of Inorganic Salts                                                                            

Solubility Charts for Inorganic Salts                                                                                                

Properties of Gas Clathrate Hydrates                                                                                             

Physical and Optical Properties of Minerals                                                                                  

Crystallographic Data on Minerals                                                                                                   

Section 5: Properties of Water                                                                                                          

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Thermophysical Properties of Water and Steam                                                                         

Fixed-Point Thermophysical Properties of H₂O and D₂O                                                           

Properties of Saturated Liquid D₂O                                                                                                 

Vapor Pressure and Other Saturation Properties of Water                                                      

Standard Density of Water as a Function of Temperature                                                        

Ionization Constant of Water as a Function of Temperature and Pressure                           

Ionization Constant of Normal and Heavy Water at Saturated Vapor Pressure                   

Electrical Conductivity of Water                                                                                                      

Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Water as a Function of Frequency                                

Properties of Ice and Supercooled Water                                                                                     

Vapor Pressure of Ice                                                                                                                         

Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibria for Ice as a Function of Pressure                                                 

Index of Refraction of Water                                                                                                            

Properties of Seawater                                                                                                                       

Solubility of Hydrocarbons in Seawater                                                                                         

Section 6: Properties of Polymers                                                                                                    

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Abbreviations Used in Polymer Science and Technology                                                          

Physical Properties of Important Polymers                                                                                   

Polymer Solvents                                                                                                                                 

Glass Transition Temperatures for Polymers                                                                                

Permittivity of Polymers                                                                                                                     

Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relationships for Polymer Melts                                           

Vapor Pressures (Solvent Activities) for Binary Polymer Solutions                                         

Solubility Parameters of Polymers                                                                                                   

Section 7: Properties of Bio-Medical Compounds and Substances                                         

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Properties of Amino Acids                                                                                                                 

Structures of Common Amino Acids                                                                                               

Properties of Purine and Pyrimidine Bases                                                                                   

The Genetic Code                                                                                                                                

Properties of Fatty Acids and their Methyl Esters                                                                       

Composition and Properties of Oils and Fats                                                                                

Carbohydrate Names and Symbols                                                                                                 

Standard Transformed Gibbs Energies of Formation for Biochemical Reactants                

Apparent Equilibrium Constants for Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions                                         

Apparent Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Protein-Ligand Binding Reactions                     

Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers in Water                     

Biological Buffers                                                                                                                                 

pH Values of Biological Materials and Foods                                                                                

Properties and Functions of Important Drugs                                                                              

Properties of Controlled Substances                                                                                               

Section 8: Chemical Structure, Bonding, and Molecular Spectroscopy Data                       

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Structure of Free Molecules in the Gas Phase                                                                              

Characteristic Bond Lengths in Free Molecules                                                                           

Dipole Moments                                                                                                                                   

Hindered Internal Rotation                                                                                                               

Bond Dissociation Energies                                                                                                               

Force Constants for Bond Stretching                                                                                              

Fundamental Vibrational Frequencies of Small Molecules                                                       

Spectroscopic Constants of Diatomic Molecules                                                                         

Polarizabilities of Molecules                                                                                                             

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules                                                                                 

Electron Affinities of Molecules                                                                                                       

Part 2 Data for the Practice of Chemistry and Physics                                                               

Section 9: Physical Chemistry Data                                                                                                  

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics                                                                                     

Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances                                                

Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature                                                       

Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Ions                                                                               

Proton Affinities                                                                                                                                   

Heat of Combustion                                                                                                                            

Heat Capacity of Solids as a Function of Temperature                                                               

Transition Temperatures and Heats of Transition for Metal Oxyanion Salts                        

Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions                                                                                

Molar Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous HF, HCl, HBr, and HI                                               

Molar Electrical Conductivity of Electrolytes in Aqueous Solution                                          

Ionic Conductivity and Diffusion at Infinite Dilution                                                                   

Electrochemical Series                                                                                                                        

Meaning Activity Coefficients of Acids, Bases, and Salts as a Function of Concentration 

Enthalpy of Dilution of Acids                                                                                                             

Enthalpy of Solution of Electrolytes                                                                                                

Concentrative Properties of Aqueous Solutions                                                                          

Ebullioscopic Constants for Calculation of Boiling Point Elevation                                          

Cryoscopic Constants for Calculation of Freezing Point Depression                                       

Freezing Point Lowering by Electrolytes in Aqueous Solution                                                  

Azeotropic Data for Binary Mixtures                                                                                               

Section 10: Environmental Chemistry Data                                                                                   

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Chemical Reaction Rate Constants for Atmospheric Studies                                                    

Properties of Refrigerants                                                                                                                 

Global Warming Potential of Greenhouse Gases                                                                        

Annual Atmospheric Concentration of Carbon Dioxide and Methane                                   

Aqueous Solubility and Henry's Law Constants of Organic Compounds                                

Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients                                                                                             

Global Temperature Trend, 1880-2024                                                                                          

Solar Irradiance at the Earth                                                                                                             

Geographical and Seasonal Variations in Solar Radiation                                                          

Infrared Absorption by the Earth's Atmosphere

U.S. Standard Atmosphere (1976)                                                                                                   

Section 11: Solid-State Chemistry and Physics Data                                                                   

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Thermal Analysis for Materials Characterization                                                                         

Microscopy Techniques for Materials Characterization                                                             

Symmetry of Crystals                                                                                                                          

Ionic Radii in Crystals                                                                                                                          

The Madelung Constant and Crystal Lattice Energy                                                                    

Elastic Constants of Single Crystals                                                                                                 

Polarizability of Atoms and Ions in Solids                                                                                      

Electrical Resistivity of Binary Alloys                                                                                               

Electrical Resistivity of Carbon Materials                                                                                       

Curie Temperature of Ferroelectric Crystals                                                                                 

Properties of Antiferroelectric Crystals                                                                                          

Properties of Superconductors                                                                                                         

High-Temperature Superconductors                                                                                               

Organic Superconductors                                                                                                                   

Properties of Semiconductors                                                                                                           

Properties of Semiconductor Solid Solutions                                                                                

Properties of Organic Semiconductors                                                                                           

Diffusion Data for Semiconductors                                                                                                  

Properties of Magnetic Materials                                                                                                    

Organic Magnets                                                                                                                                  

Thermal and Strength Properties of Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures                          

Thermoelectric Properties of Metals and Semiconductors                                                       

Thermal Conductivity of Metals and Semiconductors as a Function of Temperature        

Fermi Energy and Related Properties of Metals                                                                          

Secondary Electron Emission                                                                                                            

Electron Inelastic Mean Free Paths                                                                                                 

Electron Stopping Powers                                                                                                                 

Attenuation Coefficients for High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation                                   

Thermal Conductivity of Crystalline Dielectrics                                                                            

Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics and Other Insulating Materials                                         

Section 12: Industrial Chemistry Data                                                                                             

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Thermophysical Properties of Air                                                                                                    

Thermophysical Properties of Fluids                                                                                               

Thermophysical Properties of Fluids at Saturation                                                                      

Vapor Pressure of Compounds and Elements                                                                               

Vapor Pressure of Fluids at Temperatures below 300 K                                                            

Vapor Pressure of Saturated Salt Solutions                                                                                   

Enthalpy of Vaporization                                                                                                                    

Enthalpy of Fusion                                                                                                                               

Virial Coefficients of Gases                                                                                                                

Compressibility and Expansion Coefficients of Liquids                                                               

Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Liquid Density                                                       

Properties of Cryogenic Fluids                                                                                                          

Properties of Liquid Helium                                                                                                               

Properties of Ionic Liquids                                                                                                                 

Energy Content of Fuels                                                                                                                     

Surface Tension of Liquids                                                                                                                 

Surface Tension of Aqueous Mixtures                                                                                            

Surface Active Chemicals (Surfactants)                                                                                          

Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Liquids                                                                                  

Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Gases                                                                                   

Viscosity of Gases                                                                                                                                

Viscosity of Liquids                                                                                                                              

Thermal Conductivity of Gases and Refrigerants                                                                         

Thermal Conductivity of Liquids                                                                                                       

Influence of Pressure on Freezing Points                                                                                       

Sublimation Pressure of Solids                                                                                                         

Solubility of Gases in Water as a Function of Temperature                                                       

Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Water as a Function of Temperature and Pressure            

Solubility of Organic Compounds in Pressurized Hot Water                                                     

Diffusion in Gases                                                                                                                                

Diffusion of Gases in Water                                                                                                              

Diffusion Coefficients in Liquids at Infinite Dilution                                                                    

Mean Free Path and Related Properties of Gases                                                                       

Index of Refraction of Air                                                                                                                   

Index of Refraction of Gases                                                                                                             

Index of Refraction of Liquids for Calibration Purposes                                                             

Section 13: Astrophysics, Earth Sciences, and Physics Data                                                      

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Astronomical Constants                                                                                                                     

Properties of the Solar System                                                                                                         

Interstellar Molecules                                                                                                                         

Mass, Dimensions, and Other Parameters of the Earth                                                             

Density, Pressure, and Gravity as a Function of Depth within the Earth                               

Acceleration Due to Gravity                                                                                                              

Ocean Pressure as a Function of Depth and Latitude                                                                 

Summary Tables of Particle Properties                                                                                           

Blackbody Radiation                                                                                                                           

Classification of Electromagnetic Radiation                                                                                  

Coefficient of Friction                                                                                                                         

Part 3 Data for Modern Chemical Laboratories                                                                            

Section 14: Analytical Chemistry Data                                                                                            

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Abbreviations and Symbols Used in Analytical Chemistry                                                         

Basic Instrumental Techniques of Analytical Chemistry                                                             

Analytical Standardization and Calibration                                                                                   

Figures of Merit                                                                                                                                    

Mass- and Volume-Based Concentration Units                                                                            

Detection of Outliers in Measurements                                                                                         

Properties of Carrier Gases for Gas Chromatography                                                                 

Symbols Used in Gas and Liquid Chromatographic Schematic Diagrams                              

Stationary Phases for Porous-Layer Open Tubular Columns                                                     

Coolants for Cryotrapping                                                                                                                  

Properties of Cross-Linked Silicone Stationary Phases                                                               

Detectors for Gas Chromatography                                                                                                

Varieties of Hyphenated Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry                             

Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices                                                                                       

Pressure Drop in Open Tubular Gas Chromatographic Columns                                             

Phase Ratios for Capillary Columns                                                                                                 

Minimum Recommended Injector Split Ratios for Capillary Columns                                    

Eluotropic Values of Solvents on Octadecylsilane and Octylsilane                                          

Solid-Phase Microextraction Sorbents                                                                                            

Instability of HPLC Solvents                                                                                                               

Fluorescence Labeling Reagents Used Pre-Column in HPLC                                                     

Detectors for Liquid Chromatography                                                                                            

Solvents for Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry                                                                                 

Correlation Table for Ultraviolet Active Functionalities                                                             

Middle-Range Infrared Absorption Correlation Charts                                                              

Spurious Infrared Absorption Bands                                                                                               

Raman Band Frequencies                                                                                                                   

Nuclear Spins, Moments, and Other Data Related to NMR Spectroscopy                            

Properties of NMR Nuclei                                                                                                                  

Proton NMR Absorption of Major Chemical Families                                                                 

Proton NMR Correlation Chart for Major Organic Functional Groups                                    

Proton NMR Shifts of Organic Liquids                                                                                             

Proton Chemical Shifts of Contaminants in Deuterated Solvents                                            

¹³C-NMR Absorptions of Major Functional Groups                                                                     

¹³C-NMR Chemical Shifts of Organic Solvents                                                                               

¹⁵N-NMR Chemical Shifts of Major Chemical Families                                                                

Natural Abundance of Isotopes Important in Mass Spectrometry                                          

Mass Spectral Fragmentation Patterns of Organic Compound Families

Mass Spectral Fragments Lost                                                                                                          

Reference Masses in the Spectrum of Heptacosafluorotributylamine (Perfluorotributylamine)                                                                                                                     

Mass Spectral Peaks of Organic Liquids                                                                                          

Spurious Signals Observed in Mass Spectrometers                                                                     

Chlorine-Bromine Combination Isotope Intensities in Mass Spectral Patterns                    

Analyzing Crystals in X-Ray Spectrometers

K Absorption Edges and Characteristic Emission Lines of Atomic Elements                         

Radioisotope Sources for X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy                                                    

Standards for Laboratory Weights                                                                                                   

Reduction of Weighings in Air to in Vacuo                                                                                    

Indicators for Acids and Bases                                                                                                          

Preparation of Special Analytical Reagents                                                                                   

Organic Analytical Reagents for the Determination of Inorganic Ions                                   

Section 15: Chemical and Laboratory Safety Data                                                                       

Introduction                                                                                                                                          

Chemical Safety