Entrepreneurial Financial Management - Cornwall, Jeffrey R.; Vang, David O.; Hartman, Jean M.; - Prospero Internetes Könyváruház

Entrepreneurial Financial Management

An Applied Approach
 
Kiadás sorszáma: 5, New edition
Kiadó: Routledge
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Rövid leírás:

This fifth edition of a classic and comprehensive resource presents an applied, realistic view of entrepreneurial finance for today?s entrepreneurs, completely updated to address the latest trends and technologies.

Hosszú leírás:

This fifth edition of a classic and comprehensive resource presents an applied, realistic view of entrepreneurial finance for today?s entrepreneurs, completely updated to address the latest trends and technologies.



The book provides an integrated set of concepts and applications, drawing from entrepreneurship, finance and accounting, that will prepare aspiring entrepreneurs for the world they will most likely face as they start their new businesses. The contents are designed to follow the life cycle of a new business venture. Topics are presented in logical order, as entrepreneurs will likely face them as they begin the process of business start-up and move into growing the business.



Both undergraduate and graduate students will appreciate the clear presentation of complex issues, and this book is an essential resource for budding entrepreneurs as well.



A comprehensive spreadsheet financial template is included with the book, and an all-new case study provides questions that will help students learn the template as they proceed through the book. This tool allows for the application of many of the concepts to actual businesses and can be a valuable supplement to the process of developing a full business plan. The spreadsheet financial template is available for unlimited free downloads at Professor Cornwall?s blog site: www.drjeffcornwall.com.

Tartalomjegyzék:

List of Figures


List of Tables


List of Exhibits



1 Introduction


THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING THE NUMBERS


MEASURING SUCCESS


WHAT IS ENTREPRENEURIAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT?


WHAT MAKES ENTREPRENEURIAL FINANCE SIMILAR TO TRADITIONAL FINANCE?


WHAT MAKES ENTREPRENEURIAL FINANCE DIFFERENT FROM TRADITIONAL FINANCE?



LACK OF HISTORICAL DATA TO MEASURE RISK


TRADITIONAL FINANCIAL CONCEPTS OF RISK AND RETURN


HOW THE LACK OF HISTORICAL DATA AND LIQUIDITY COMPLICATES THE PRACTICE OF FINANCE IN EARLY-STAGE FIRMS


USING STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS TO GUIDE ETHICAL DECISION MAKING


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITY FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCES



PART I BUILDING A FINANCIAL FORECAST



2 Setting Financial Goals


WEALTH VERSUS INCOME


INTEGRATING NONFINANCIAL GOALS INTO THE BUSINESS


THE IMPORTANCE OF SELF-ASSESSMENT


THE SELF-ASSESSMENT PROCESS


THE BUSINESS MODEL AND BUSINESS PLAN


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITY FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCES


APPENDIX 2.1. INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-ASSESSMENT


APPENDIX 2.2. PARTNERSHIP AND SHAREHOLDER ASSESSMENT


3 Understanding Financial Statements


THE ACCOUNTING EQUATION



AN EXAMPLE


BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



INCOME STATEMENT


BALANCE SHEET



Assets


Liabilities


Owners? Equity


STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS



SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


4 Revenue Forecasting


COMMON FORECASTING MISTAKES



1. THE LINEAR FORECAST MISTAKE


2. THE HOCKEY STICK FORECAST MISTAKE


3. THE 20/80 VERSUS 80/20 MISTAKE


THE LINK BETWEEN THE MARKETING PLAN AND REVENUE FORECASTS



1. INDUSTRY AND MARKET TRENDS


2. MARKET RESEARCH


3. COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS


CREATING SCENARIOS


THE LINK BETWEEN THE REVENUE FORECAST AND THE CASH FLOW FORECAST


THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS TYPE ON REVENUES



MANUFACTURING FIRMS


SERVICE FIRMS



Billing by the Hour


Billing by the Job


RECURRING REVENUE FIRMS


COMMISSION-BASED SELLING FIRMS


CYCLICAL OR SEASONAL SALES FIRMS



International Sales Firms


QUANTITATIVE FORECASTING TECHNIQUES


THE IMPORTANCE OF REVENUE FORECASTING


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


5 Expense Forecasting


DEFINING COSTS


COST BEHAVIOR



VARIABLE COSTS


FIXED COSTS


MIXED COSTS


BREAKEVEN ANALYSIS


EXPENSE FORECASTING: THE IMPACT OF BUSINESs TYPE ON EXPENSES



MANUFACTURING FIRMS


SERVICE FIRMS


RECURRING REVENUE FIRMS


COMMISSION-BASED SALES FIRMS


CYCLICAL OR SEASONAL FIRMS


INTERNET BASED FIRMS


REDUCING EXPENSES THROUGH BOOTSTRAPPING


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCE


6 Integrated Financial Model


THE ENTREPRENEUR'S ASPIRATIONS RECONSIDERED


CONTRIBUTION FORMAT INCOME STATEMEN


EARNINGS BEFORE INTEREST AND TAXES


INVENTORY OF ASSUMPTIONS


SOCIAL VENTURES


DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF FUNDS NEEDED


USING THE FORECASTING TEMPLATE TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF FUNDS NEEDED


CASH RUNWAY OR TIME OUT OF CASH


ASSESSMENT OF RISK SENSITIVITY


INTEGRATING FINANCIAL FORECASTS INTO BUSINESS PLAN OR FUNDING DOCUMENT


SUMMARY


APPENDIX 6.1. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE INTEGRATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TEMPLATE



PRODUCT MODEL [FOR A BUSINESS THAT SELLS INVENTORY]


SERVICE MODEL [FOR A BUSINESS THAT SELLS SERVICES]


SOCIAL VENTURE MODEL [FOR A NONPROFIT BUSINESS]



PART II MANAGING THE FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF A VENTURE



7 Monitoring Financial Performance


TRACKING ASSUMPTIONS


ESTABLISHING MILESTONES


USING NUMBERS TO MANAGE


FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS


RATIO ANALYSIS



LIQUIDITY RATIOS


ACTIVITY RATIOS


PROFITABILITY RATIOS


SOLVENCY AND COVERAGE RATIOS


WORKING WITH ACCOUNTANTS


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCES


8 Day-to-Day Cash Flow Management and Forecasting


WHY IS CASH FLOW DIFFERENT FROM NET INCOME?


WHY Is AN ACCRUAL-BASED INCOME STATEMENT IMPORTANT?


How Is CASH FLOW MEASURED?


INTERPRETING A STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS: DIRECT METHOD


STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS? INDIRECT METHOD


INVESTORS' AND CREDITORS' USE OF THE CASH FLOW STATEMENT


EFFECTIVE CASH MANAGEMENT


THE EMOTIONAL SIDE OF CASH FLOW MANAGEMENT


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCES



PART III SOURCES OF FINANCING



?


9 Financing Over the Life of a Venture


COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ENTREPRENEURIAL FINANCING


THE DIVERSE NATURE OF BUSINESS FINANCING



THE NATURE OF THE BUSINESS MODEL


ASPIRATIONS OF THE ENTREPRENEUR


THE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS VENTURE


FITTING THE PIECES OF THE FINANCING PUZZLE TOGETHER


FINANCING SMALL BUSINESSES WITH MODEST GROWTH POTENTIAL


FINANCING HIGH-GROWTH, HIGH-POTENTIAL VENTURES


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCES


10 Start-Up Financing from the Entrepreneur, Friends, and Family


SELF-FINANCING


ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SELF-FINANCING


FRIENDS AND FAMILY FINANCING



DETERMINE TRUE MOTIVATIONS


USE A FORMAL BUSINESS PLAN


PROVIDE ACCURATE, OBJECTIVE, AND FULL INFORMATION ABOUT THE BUSINESS


KEEP BOUNDARIES


TAX PLANNING


STRUCTURE OF FUNDS INVESTED


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCES


11 Bootstrapping


WHY BOOTSTRAP?


BOOTSTRAPPING ADMINISTRATIVE OVERHEAD



SPACE


FURNISHINGS AND OFFICE EQUIPMENT


ADMINISTRATIVE SALARIES


BOOTSTRAPPING EMPLOYEE EXPENSES



INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS


FRACTIONAL AND TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES


STUDENT INTERNS


EQUITY COMPENSATION


NONMONETARY BENEFITS


BOOTSTRAPPING OPERATING EXPENSES


BOOTSTRAP MARKETING



THE BASIC BOOTSTRAP MARKETING TOOLS



Word of Mouth


Business Cards


Blogs


Websites


Banners and Signs


Email Marketing


Publicity


THE ETHICS OF BOOTSTRAPPING


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCES


12 External Sources of Funds: Equity


ACCREDITED INVESTORS


ANGEL INVESTORS


STRATEGIC PARTNERS


PRIVATE PLACEMENT


PRIVATE EQUITY


CROWDFUNDING


SBIC


THE DOWNSIDE OF EQUITY FINANCING


WORKING WITH OUTSIDE INVESTORS



BUSINESS MODEL AND BUSINESS PLAN


CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT


LETTER OF INTENT


MODIFICATIONS OF SHAREHOLDER AGREEMENTS


COMMUNICATION WITH SHAREHOLDERS


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCES



13 External Sources of Funds: Debt


SHORT-TERM DEBT



TRADE CREDIT


INSTITUTIONAL CREDITORS



Banks


Asset-Based Lenders


Factors


LONG-TERM DEBT



BANKS


LEASING COMPANIES


REAL ESTATE LENDERS


GOVERNMENT FUNDING THROUGH SBA


WORKING WITH BANKERS


INITIAL CONTACT WITH BANKERS


PREPARATION OF KEY LOAN DOCUMENTS



Loan Proposal


Loan Document


Personal Guarantees


ONGOING COMMUNICATION AFTER THE LOAN IS MADE


OTHER SOURCES OF DEBT FINANCING FOR ENTREPRENEURS


THE DOWNSIDE OF DEBT


DEVELOPING A FINANCING PLAN


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCES


14 Financing the High-Growth Business


INTEGRATING PROFITABILITY INTO THE BUSINESS PLAN


STAGES OF THE FIRM


STAGES OF BUSINESS FUNDING


THE DARK SIDE OF VENTURE CAPITAL FINANCING


INITIAL CONTACT WITH A VENTURE CAPITALIST


INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING



ADVANTAGES OF AN IPO


DISADVANTAGES OF AN IPO


THE PROCESS OF THE IPO


PRIVATE EQUITY


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCES



PART IV PLANNING FOR THE ENTREPRENEUR?S TRANSITION



15 Business Valuation


GENERAL CONCEPTS THAT GUIDE THE DETERMINATION OF VALUE



FAIR MARKET VALUE


GOING-CONCERN VALUE


HIGHEST AND BEST USE


FUTURE BENEFITS


SUBSTITUTE AND ALTERNATIVES


DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS


OBJECTIVITY


BASIC INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR A VALUATION


DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW



EFFECT ON THE BALANCE SHEET OF THE NEW OWNERS (GOODWILL)


DEFINITION OF FREE CASH FLOW


ESTIMATING FREE CASH FLOW FOR A PARTICULAR YEAR


ESTIMATING FREE CASH FLOW OVER A SIX-YEAR PERIOD


SUMMARY OF THE DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW APPROACH


MARKET COMPARISON TECHNIQUES



SUMMARY OF THE MARKET COMPARISON APPROACH


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCES



16 Exit Planning


A MODEL OF EXIT PLANNING



Self-Assessment Revisited and Setting a Time Frame


Manage Financial Statements


Strengthen Systems and Processes


Develop a Business Plan for the Sale of the Business


EXIT OPTIONS



Ownership Transfer


Partial or Transitional Transfer


Bankruptcy or Planned Termination of Operations


THE PROCESS OF SELLING A BUSINESS


THE ETHICAL SIDE OF THE ENTREPRENEUR'S TRANSITION


POST-EXIT ISSUES


SUMMARY


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS


OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION


REFERENCES