Experiencing Jazz

CONTENTS

List of Photos
List of Examples
List of Figures
Preface to the Third Edition of Experiencing Jazz
Acknowledgements

PART I: UNDERSTANDING JAZZ

Chapter 1 The Nature of Jazz
 Experiencing Music ? Experiencing Jazz
 That Four-Letter Word
 Defining Jazz
 Chapter Summary
 Study Questions

Chapter 2 Listening to Jazz
 Performance Practice
  The Drum Set and Swing
  Orchestration and Instrumentation
  The Arrangement
  Instrumental Techniques and Special Effects
  Special Effects?The Sounds of Jazz
  Jazz Singing
  Understanding Jazz Improvisation
 Understanding the Whole Performance
 Describing the Performance
  Video Blues
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Study Questions

Chapter 3 The Roots of Jazz
 Jazz in Perspective
 The Significance of African Music to Jazz
  African Musical Aesthetic
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Bamaaya?
  African Music as a Means of Communication
 The Afro-Latin and Caribbean Tinge
  Background
  Early Fusions
 Early American Vocal Music
 The Innovators: Getting the Blues
  Robert Johnson (1911-1938)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Ramblin? on my Mind?
  Bessie Smith (1984-1937)
Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Lost Your Head Blues?
  W.C. Handy??Father of the Blues? (1873-1958)
 Ragtime
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?St. Louis Blues?
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Maple Leaf Rag?
 Brass and Military Bands
 Chronicle of Historic Events
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Study Questions

PART II: CLASSIC JAZZ

Chapter 4 Jazz Takes Root
 Jazz in Perspective
 The Reception of Early Jazz
 New Orleans?The Birthplace of Jazz
  New Orleans Jazz Band Instrumentation
 The Innovators: Early Jazz
  Original Dixieland Jazz Band
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Dixie Jass Band One-Step?
  Kid Ory (1890-1973)
  Joe ?King? Oliver (1885-1938)
  Lilian Hardin (1898-1971)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Dippermouth Blues?
  Jelly Roll Morton (1890-1941)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Black Bottom Stomp?
  Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?West End Blues?
  Sidney Bechet (1897-1959)
 Chronicle of Historic Events
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Study Questions

Chapter 5 The Jazz Age: From Chicago to New York
 Jazz in Perspective
 On the Other Side of Town
 The Chicago Sound
 The Innovators: A Few of the Many
  New Orleans Rhythm Kings (NORK)
  Bix Beiderbecke (1903-1931)
  Frankie ?Tram? Trumbauer (1901-1956)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Singin? the Blues?
  Paul Whiteman (1890-1967) and Symphonic Jazz
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Mississippi Mud?
 Boogie-Woogiue, Eight to the Bar
 The Decline of the Chicago Era
 New York and the Harlem Renaissance
  James P. Johnson (1891-1955)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Carolina Shout?
 Marketing Jazz
 Chronicle of Historic Events
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Study Questions

Chapter 6 The Swing Era: Jazz at Its Peak
 Jazz in Perspective
  The Depths of the Depression
 The Country Recovers
 The Anatomy of the Swing Era Jazz Band
  Instrumentation
  Repertoire and Arrangement
 The Innovators: Swing on the East Coast
  Fletcher Henderson (1897-1952)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?The Stampede?
  Coleman Hawkins (1904-1969): ?The Father of Jazz Tenor Saxophone?
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Body and Soul?
  Duke Ellington (1899-1974): Music Was His Mistress
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Ko-Ko?
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Isfahan?
  Benny Goodman (1909-1986): The ?King of Swing?
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Good Enough to Keep?
  Popular White Swing Bands
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in Artie Shaw?s ?Traffic Jam?
 The Vocalists? Rise to Fame
 Ongoing Latin Influences
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Study Questions

Chapter 7 Swinging Across the Country: The Bands, Singers, and Pianists
 Jazz in Perspective
 The Innovators: A Unique Kaycee Style
  Bennie Moten (1893-1935)
  William ?Count? Basie (1904-1984)
  Lester Young (1909-1959)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Every Tub?
 Territory Bands
  Mary Lou Williams (1910-1981)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Mary?s Idea?
 The Innovators: A Few of the Swing Era Singers and Pianists
  Billie Holiday (1915-1981): ?Lady Day?
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Body and Soul?
  Ella Fitzgerald (1918-1986): ?The First Lady of Swing?
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Honeysuckle Rose?
  Art Tatum (1909-1956)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Tea For Two?
 Traditional Jazz Revival
 Swing Era Success
 Chronicle of Historic Events
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Study Questions

PART III: MODERN JAZZ

Chapter 8 The Bebop Revolution
 Jazz in Perspective
 The Lifestyle and Musical Characteristics
 The Birth of Bebop: The First Recordings
  Characteristics of the Style
  Bebop Performance Practice and Instrumental Roles Defined
 The Innovators: Bop Stylists
  John Birks ?Dizzy? Gillespie (1917-1993)
  Charlie Parker (1920-1955)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Anthropology?
  Dexter Gordon (1923-1990)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Index?
  Thelonious Sphere Monk (1917-1982)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Epistrophy?
  Sarah Vaughan (1924-1990): ?The Divine One?
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Easy Living?
 Other Significant Bebop Figures
  Bud Powell (1924-1966)
  Oscar Pettiford (1922-1960)
  Kenny Clarke (1914-1985)
  Max Roach (1924-2007)
  Tadd Dameron (1917-1965)
  Fats Navarro (1923-1950)
  J.J. Johnson (1924-2001)
Betty Carter (1930-1998), Carmen McRae (1920-1994), and Anita O?Day (1919-2006)
 Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Frenesi?
Barney Kessel (1923-2004) and Tal Farlow (1921-1998)
 Modern Jazz Embraces the Afro-Cuban Spirit
  Dizzy Gillespie and the Birth of Cubop
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Manteca?
 The Decline of Bebop
 Chronicle of Historic Events
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Appendix: table of million selling record albums
 Study Questions
 Suggested Supplemental Listening

Chapter 9 The 1950s and Early 1960s: Cool, Intellectual, and Abstract Jazz
 Jazz in Perspective
 Characteristics of Cool Jazz
 The Innovators: The Cool Sound on the East and West Coasts
  Miles Davis (1926-1991) and Gil Evans (1912-1988): The Birth of the Cool
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Moon Dreams?
  Modern Jazz Quartet
  Gerry Mulligan (1927-1996) and Chet Baker (1929-1988)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Line for Lyons?
  Dave Brubeck (1920-2012)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Blue Rondo á la Turk?
  Bill Evans (1929-1980)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Witchcraft?
 The Brazilian Bossa Nova
  Stan Getz (1927-1991)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?So Danço Samba?
 Third-Stream Jazz
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Transformation?
  Lennie Tristano (1919-1978)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Intuition?
 Who Was Popular
 Chronicle of Historic Events
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Study Questions

PART IV: POSTMODERN JAZZ

Chapter 10 Tradition Meets the Avant-Garde: Moderns and Early Postmoderns Coexist
 Jazz in Perspective
 The Innovators: The Characteristics and Artists of Mainstream Hard Bop
  Art Blakey (1919-1990) Carries the Message
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Moanin??
 Other Hard Bop Messengers
  Horace Silver (1928-2014)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Strollin??
  Clifford Brown (1930-1956) and Sonny Rollins (1930-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Pent Up House?
 More About Funky, Soul Jazz and the 1950s and 1960s
  Organ Trios and the Guitar
  Wes Montgomery (1923-1968)
  Jimmy Smith (1925-2005)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?OGD?
 Lambert, Hendricks & Ross and the Vocal Groups of the 1950s and 1960s
 Everlasting Big Bands
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?La Suerte de los Tontos?
 Defining Postmodernism
  Ornette Coleman (1930-2015) and his Disciples
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Congeniality?
 The Innovators: Postmodern Jazz Comes of Age
  Charles Mingus (1922-1979) ? The Underdog
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Boogie Stop Shuffle?
 The End of Modern Jazz Heralded by the Beginning of the Postmoderns
 Jazz in Academia
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Study Questions

Chapter 11 Miles and Miles of Miles: Miles Davis and His Sidemen Redefine Postmodern Jazz
 Jazz in Perspective
 The Music
 The Early Miles
 The First Great Quintet
 Modal Jazz
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?So What?
 Miles and Gil
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Summertime?
 The Second Great Quintet
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Orbits?
 The Electronic Jazz-Rock Fusion Period
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Miles Runs the Voodoo Down?
 Davis Sidemen Become Major Forces
  John Coltrane (1926-1967)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Giant Steps?
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?My Favorite Things?
  Wayne Shorter (1933-2023)
  Herbie Hancock (1940-)
 Chronicle of Historic Events
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Study Questions

Chapter 12 The 1970s ? An Electric Revolution
 Jazz in Perspective
The Music
 Jazz and Rock: The Two-Way Connection
 The Innovators: Living Electric in the Shadow of Miles Davis
  Weather Report
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Palladium?
  Herbie Hancock and the Head Hunters
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Chameleon?
  John McLaughlin (1942-) and the Mahavishnu Orchestra
  Chick Corea (1941-2021)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Spain?
 Soul and Pop Instrumental Jazz
  David Sanborn (1945-)
  The Brecker Brothers
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Some Skunk Funk?
  Grover Washington, Jr. (1943-1999)
  Chuck Mangione (1940-)
 The Signs of the Times: New Technologies and Changing Business Models
 Chronicle of Historic Events
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Study Questions

Chapter 13 The Eclectic 1970s-1990s
 Long Live Acoustic Jazz
 The ECM Sound
 The Innovators: The Rebirth of Acoustic Jazz
  Keith Jarrett (1945-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?The Windup?
  Return of Expatriates Unleashes a Rebirth of Acoustic Jazz
  Wynton Marsalis (1961-) and the Young Lions
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Delfeayo?s Dilemma?
 Established Artists Set a New Standard
  John Scofield (1951-) and Joe Lovano (1952-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Some Nerve?
  Michael Brecker (1949-2007) and Pat Metheny (1954-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Song for Bilbao?
 The Freedom Fighters Take Risks
  Cecil Taylor (1929-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Jitney No. 2?
 Jazz/Pop Crossover Vocalists
  George Benson (1943-)
  Al Jarreau (1940-2017)
  Bobby McFerrin (1950-)
 Vocal Ensemble Renaissance
  The Manhattan Transfer
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Another Night in Tunisia?
 Old Bottles, New Wines ? Long Live Big Bands
 The Changing Jazz Landscape as the Millennium Comes to a Close
 Chronicle of Historic Events
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Study Questions

Chapter 14 Jazz for a New Century
 Jazz in Perspective
  A Note from the Authors
 Trends in Contemporary Jazz
 Popular Music Influences
  Tim Hagans (1954-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Trumpet Sandwich?
 Vocal Renaissance
  Esperanza Spalding (1984-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Cuerpo y Alma?
  Kurt Elling (1967-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Up From New Orleans?
 Contemporary Women Emerging as Innovators
  Teri Lynne Carrington (1965-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Mosaic Triad?
 Innovation Through Composition
  Maria Schneider (1960-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Hang Gliding?
 Afro-Cuban and Latin Jazz
  Danilo Pérez (1965-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Suite for the Americas, Part 1?
 Jazz as an International Language
  Rudresh Mahanthappa (1971-) and Vijay Iyer (1971-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?The Shape of Things?
 The New Innovators: 21st-Century Emerging Artists
  Jason Moran (1975-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Artists Ought to Be Writing?
  Chris Potter (1971-)
   Musical Highlights to Listen for in ?Firefly?
 Closing Thoughts
 Chronicle of Historic Events
 Chapter Summary
 Key Terms
 Study Questions

Chapter 14.5 The Story Continues
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 Introduction
 Selected Innovative Contemporary Artists

Appendix I: Glossary of Terms
Appendix II: Suggested Jazz Videos
Appendix III: Chapter Notes and Additional Sources

Index