Routledge Handbook of Illiberalism

Part 1: Theoretical perspectives  1. The antiliberal idea  2. The history of illiberalism  3. Illiberalism and opposition to the Enlightenment  4. Contemporary Christian criticism of liberalism  5. Left and New Left critiques of liberalism  6. Conservativism as illiberalism  7. Asian values, Confucianism, and illiberal constitutions  8. A theory of illiberal democracy  Part 2: Forms of illiberal government  9. Illiberal regime types  10. Hybrid regimes  11. Theocracy  12. Authoritarian structures and trends in consolidated democracies  Part 3: Ideas and Forces Fuelling Illiberalism  13. The ideational core of democratic illiberalism  14. The people in ancient times and the rise of ?popularism?  15. The illiberal potential of the people  16. Identity, narratives and nationalism  17. Illiberalism and national sovereignty  18. Populism and illiberalism  19. Illiberalism and the multicultural backlash  20. Illiberal democracy and the politicization of immigration  21. Gender and illiberalism  22. Illiberalism and Islam  Part 4: Illiberal practices  23. Illiberal practices  24. Surveillance in the illiberal state  25. Media control and post-truth communication  26. Illiberal practices and the management of protest and dissent  27. The body of the nation: Illiberalism and gender  Part 5: Government and governance  28. The myth of the illiberal democratic constitution  29. Constitutional practices in times ?after liberty?  30. Parliaments in an Era of Illiberal Executives  31. Political parties, elections, and pernicious polarization in the rise of illiberalism  32. The plebiscite in modern democracy  33. Illiberal constitutionalism and the judiciary  34. Illiberalism and the rule of law  35. Emergencies and illiberalism  36. Illiberalism of military regimes  37. Towards a post-liberal approach to political ordering  Part 6: Economy, society and psychology  38. The social requisites of illiberalism  39. The psychological construction of the illiberal subject  40. The psychology of authoritarianism and support for illiberal policies and parties  41. Illiberal politics and group-based needs for recognition and dominance  42. Illiberal economic policies  43. Economic Consequences of Illiberalism in Eastern Europe  Part 7: Regional and national variations  44. Asia?s illiberal governments  45. Cultural sources and institutional practice of authoritarianism in China  46. The intertwining of liberalism and illiberalism in India  47. Indonesia?s ?third-wave? democratic model?  48. Latin America breathing: Liberalism and illiberalism, once and again  49. From antiestablishmentarianism to Bolsonarism in Brazil  50. The Balkans  51. Illiberalism in East Central Europe  52. The illiberal challenge in the European Union  53. Turkey as a model of Muslim authoritarianism?  Part 8: Global perspectives  54. Illiberalism and human rights  55. Free trade in peril  56. International sources of democratic backsliding  57. The crisis of liberal world order  Part 9: Sources of resistance  58. The weaknesses of illiberal regimes  59. Civil society, crisis exposure and resistance strategies  60. Politics after the normalization of shamelessness  Part 10: Themes for future research  61. A compass for future research